Rice University
Metallium Wins $1M DoD Contract to Pull Gallium and Germanium From US E-Waste
China imposed export controls on gallium in 2023. By 2025 the restrictions had expanded. The US imports more than 50% of its gallium supply and over 70% of its germanium, both designated critical materials essential for radar systems, missile guidance, satellite electronics, 5G infrastructure, and advanced semiconductors. Neither has a meaningful domestic primary production base.…
